Talking Points


 

Democratic Candidates' Health Care Proposals

December 10, 2007  by Jim Hoffmann

As we approach the 2008 elections, a very recent poll of registered voters taken October 23-29 asked this question: “Do you think it's the government's responsibility to make sure everyone in the U.S. has adequate health care, or don't you think so?”

                        % Think so                  % Don't think so                      % Unsure

All voters                57                                     38                                       7

Democrats              84                                     13                                       4

Independents          54                                     41                                       6

Republicans            32                                     62                                       6

Naturally, polls vary, but it is safe to say that the majority of voters want the President and Congress to make universal health care happen.

The harder questions are these:

  1. How do we design such a program?
  2. Do we simply expand the present free-market system, or do we regulate insurance companies and providers appropriately, while adding a public insurance option, or do we go to a single-payer, not-for profit system?
  3. How do we make sure more health care dollars go to patient care and not to administration, marketing, profits, etc.?
  4. How do we make coverage affordable and still require responsible use by individuals?
  5. How do we improve the quality of health care?
  6. How do we pay for universal coverage?  Will new taxes be necessary?

All candidates must offer a sound program to answer these questions, or else we are left with the following unacceptable facts:

  1. About 47 million Americans have no health insurance, including 9 million children.
  2. 80% of these uninsured people are in working families..
  3. Millions more are underinsured.  Even most insured families are struggling with rising costs.
  4. Over 50% of personal bankruptcies are caused by medical bills.
  5. Fewer employers are offering health insurance.
  6. Buying individual health insurance costs too much. With preexisting conditions, it's super-costly.
  7. America spends $6,102 per person each year on health care, more than twice the average paid by other economically advanced countries.
  8. 31% of U.S. health care spending is for administrative costs, twice that of Canada.

Republican candidates don't get the urgency on this key issue:

  1. They call for increased coverage of the uninsured (and yet, recently, most Republicans rejected a bipartisan compromise to expand SCHIP for children).  Only McCain and Romney speak of providing access to all Americans, but they do not require it. 
  2. They rely on the market to make health care more cost effective and affordable.
  3. They offer tax deductions and credits for individuals to purchase private plans when not covered by employers, but most uninsured families have low income and little or no taxes to be credited.
  4. They think coverage, quality and cost effectiveness can be increased without new taxes.  But this has turned out to be a “band-aid” approach over many decades.  It has been ineffective.  Our health care system remains seriously broken, and continues to worsen.

Democratic candidates are listening to voters and are offering better plans to improve health care:

  1. All of them propose universal health care for all Americans, with no one turned down for pre-existing conditions.  Biden and Obama start  with children and move toward universal coverage for adults gradually.
  2. Six candidates, excluding Gravel and Kucinich, propose a combination of public and private insurance to achieve universal coverage.
  3. Gravel proposes a health care voucher program that covers everyone without requiring employer participation, and with the gradual phasing out of Medicare and Medicaid.
  4. Kucinich proposes a single payer, not-for-profit system.  In his plan, for-profit insurers could cover elective procedures but not duplicate procedures covered by the universal plan.  Kucinich's plan is already drawn up in H.R. 676 which sits in committee.
  5. The other six candidates' plans have more similarities than differences:

 

1.      All require major employers to either offer health care plans or contribute to the cost of coverage, except for Biden.  Some subsidies or tax incentives are offered to employers, except by Edwards.

2.      All, except Biden and Obama, require small businesses to participate in the same way, with similar tax incentives, except by Edwards.

3.      All offer tax subsidies on a sliding scale to families to help purchase their insurance.

4.      All would set up purchasing pools to help reduce the cost of insurance.

5.      All offer people the opportunity to move out of their current plans which may have limited benefits or may be too costly.  They can choose from a variety of private plans or a new public plan, allowing comparisons and competition between the private and public sectors.

6.      Each offers various ways to recapture money now wasted on overlapping administrative costs, excessive marketing and profits, outdated medical records systems, poorly managed chronic illness cases, poor quality care resulting in deaths (or at least requiring corrective care), missed opportunities for “smart purchasing initiatives” for prescription drugs, managed care and other services.

7.      Each offers various ways to improve the quality of care/health system by developing “best practices” systems, adjusting payments to plans and providers based on performance, promoting preventive care, improving treatment of chronic diseases, improving provider communications, and preventing medical errors.

8.      Estimated costs for these plans, and how they would be paid for:

1.      Biden: $110 billion.  No specified sources of funds.

2.      Clinton: up to $110 billion a year when fully phased in.  To be funded by the following: savings from changes to Medicare funding and payments, from limiting tax exclusion for employer-paid health insurance, from modernization initiatives, and from discontinuing tax cuts for those with incomes over $250,000

3.      Dodd: no estimated cost given.  Says no new taxes needed, because funding would come from the following: a combination of employer and individual/family premiums, recapturing certain existing care subsidies, savings from eliminating existing inefficiencies in the system, savings from ending the war in iraq, and other revenue streams.

4.      Edwards: $90-120 billion a year.  Funding would come from rolling back tax cuts for those earning more than $200,000 a year.

5.      Gravel: no estimated costs.  Funding comes from savings through the voucher program.

6.      Kucinich: no estimated costs.  Funding from the following: increase federal payroll tax for both employers and employees from 1.45% to 4.75%, stock transfer tax of 0.25% on both seller and buyer, income tax surcharge of 5% on incomes between $184,000 and $279,999 and surcharge of 10% on incomes of $280,000 and more, repeal of the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy, and transfer of federal revenue for public programs (Medicare, etc.) to this new universal health care program.

7.      Obama: $50-65 billion a year when fully phased in.  Funding from savings within his system, plus savings from discontinuing tax cuts for those with incomes over $250,000.

8.      Richardson: $104-110 billion.  Funding from savings through streamlining health care administration, reinvesting money now spent on uncompensated care, and investing in prevention and chronic disease management.  He says no tax increase needed.

What are the next steps?

  1. No one candidate's plan has all the answers.  Together our Democratic candidates have come up with many great ideas for high quality, affordable, health care for all.
  2. We can confidently support their ideas, as we urge them to improve their plans further, so that this issue will be a big part of why we win in 2008.
  3. Big questions remain if we are to win over Independents and even some Republicans:

1.      What combination of ideas will be workable and clear enough to win the support of most voters as we make this change in a very complex health system?

2.      Is now the time for a single-payer, not-for-profit health care system, or do we use a private-public combination with appropriate regulation of insurance companies, hospitals, doctors, employers etc., while still offering incentives for all to be part of a great new system?

3.      How much money will be needed up front, and how will the cost be shared by all?  How do we achieve significant savings as the program moves forward, so that initial costs are reduced and the program begins to pay for itself?

4.      Are there issues we haven't faced yet?  A September 23, 2007 New York Times editorial puts it this way: “Voters who put a high priority on covering all or most of the uninsured will prefer the Democrats’ approach, as we do.  The chief danger is that the Democrats have a tendency to imply that everyone can be covered with good benefit packages without inconveniencing anyone but the wealthy. Their cost and savings assumptions will need thorough analysis when more detailed plans emerge.”

Sources for further study:

  1. www.health08.org/sidebyside.cfm  for a side by side comparison of candidates from both parties
  2. http://www.ced.org/projects/health.shtml for excellent report from Committee for Economic Development (independent, nonpartisan group of business and academic leaders) entitled: “Quality, affordable health care for all: Beyond the employer-based health insurance system”
  3. http://www.brookings.edu/events/2007/0717health-care.aspx for policy papers under the heading: “Who's got the cure: Four options for achieving universal coverage”
  4. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/opinion/25sun1.html for wide-ranging review of the high cost of health care, ending with thoughtful solutions regarding many sectors of the system
  5. www.pnhp.org/publications/pnhp_proposals.php for physicians' proposal for national health insurance
  6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_care#United_States_2 for Wikipedia article reviewing history of universal health care world-wide, including a U. S. Politics section that gives a side by side list of arguments for and against universal health care
  7. http://opencrs.cdt.org/document/RL34175/2007-09-17%2000:00:00 for comparing U.S. health care costs to that of 30 other economically advance democracies.  Click on Open CRS.
  8. www.openmedicine.ca/article/view/8/1 for comparing health outcomes between U.S. and Canada
  9. www.pollingreport.com/health3.htm for polls on health policy, listed by most recent first
Democratic candidates' web sites: Biden: www.joebiden.com/issues/?id=0003, Clinton: www.hillaryclinton.com/feature/healthcareplan/, Dodd: http://chrisdodd.com/issues/healthcare, Edwards: http://johnedwards.com/issues/health-care/health-care-fact-sheet/, Gravel: www.gravel2008.us/issues  Kucinich: www.dennis4president.com/go/issues/a-healthy-nation/, Obama: www.barackobama.com/issues/healthcare/, Richardson: www.richardsonforpresident.com/issues/healthcare?id=0002